PERUMore about Peru Information about travelling to PeruPeru is located in Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador |
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Facts about Peru
General info about Peru
Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime, which led to his ouster in 2000. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of Native American ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, returned to the presidency with promises to improve social conditions and maintain fiscal responsibility.
Disease threats degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial, hepatitis A, and typhoid fev
Languages spoken Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages What about drugs? until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru declined to 36,000 hectares in 2007; second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 210 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2007; finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa; increasing domestic drug consumption Ethnic division Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3% HIV/AIDS prevalence rate 0.5% (2003 est.) Climate varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes Resources copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas Economy Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil. Abundant mineral resources are found in the mountainous areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. The Peruvian economy grew by more than 4% per year during the period 2002-06, with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. Growth jumped to 9% per year in 2007 and 2008, driven by higher world prices for minerals and metals and the government's aggressive trade liberalization strategies. Peru's rapid expansion has helped to reduce the national poverty rate by about 15% since 2002, though underemployment and inflation remain high. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices, and poor infrastructure precludes the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. Environment deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes Cities in Peruabancay acari acobamba acolla aguas verdes ambo andahuaylas anta arequipa ascope ayabaca ayacucho ayaviri ayna azangaro bagua grande bambamarca barranca bellavista bernal buenos aires cajabamba cajamarca cajaruro calca caleta de carquin camana campoverde caraz carhuamayo carhuaz cascas casma catacaos celendin cerro de pasco chachapoyas chancay chaupimarca chazuta chepen chicama chicla chiclayo chilca chimbote chincha alta chivay chocope chongoyape chosica chota chulucanas chupaca cocachacra colan concepcion contamana coracora corrales cusco cutervo desaguadero el alto eten ferrenafe guadalupe huacho huallanca hualmay huamachuco huancabamba huancavelica huancayo huanta huanuco huaral huaraz huari huarmey huasahuasi huaura huayucachi huicungo iberia ica ilabaya ilave illimo ilo imperial iquitos jaen jauja jayanca jepelacio juanjui juli juliaca junin la arena la brea la huaca la oroya la peca la union lagunas lamas lambayeque lampa laredo las lomas lima lircay llata lluta los aquijes macusani mala mancora marcavelica marcona matucana mazamari moche mochumi mollendo monsefu moquegua morococha morrope morropon motupe moyobamba nauta nazca nicolas de pierola nuevo imperial nunoa olmos orcopampa orcotuna oropesa otuzco oxapampa oyon oyotun pacanga pacasmayo pacocha paijan paita palpa pampas pangoa papayal paramonga pativilca paucartambo perene picota picsi pilcomayo pimentel pisco piura pomabamba pucallpa pucara pueblo nuevo puerto maldonado puno punta de bombon puquio putina querecotillo quilmana quiruvilca ramon castilla reque requena ricardo palma rio grande rioja salas salaverry salitral san agustin san clemente san ignacio san jeronimo san jeronimo de tunan san jose san jose de sisa san juan bautista san luis san miguel san miguel de cauri san pedro de cajas san pedro de lloc san ramon san vicente de canete sana santa santa ana santa eulalia santa lucia santa maria santa rosa santiago santiago de cao santiago de chuco santo tomas saposoa saquena satipo sauce sayan sechura sicaya sicuani soritor subtanjalla sullana supe tabalosos tacna talara talavera tamarindo tambo tambo grande tambopata tarata tarma tingo maria tinyahuarco tocache torata trujillo tucume tumbes uchiza urcos urubamba vegueta vice vichayal villa rica viru vista alegre yanacancha yanahuanca yauya yungay yunguyo yura yurimaguas zarumilla zorritos |
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